Leadership Plays Significant Role In Organizations Management Essay

Leadership Plays Significant Role In Organizations Management Essay Leadership plays an important and significant role in the organizations operation today. Leadership is seen as the capability of a leader to organize and form a group of people so that they can work together towards the way that achieves a shared vision and goal (Rudd, 2000; Kouzes and Posner, 1995, p.30). In terms of the meaning of leadership, it can be shown in different situations, and be expressed in different form (Rudd, 2000). The discussion of leadership can be derived from the behaviour of leaders and followers which between the relationship of those who is able to inspire others to follow their instruction and those who is willing to be led (Kouzes Posner, 1993). A leader that is able to encourage the organizational commitment of his or her followers is seen as an effective leader. Besides that, an effective leader is able and willing to share the vision, objectives, and plan to the employees. A competence leader will be able to set an achievable goal and lead the followers toward the goal together. An organization that is able to develop to retain the effective leaders will achieve a good result in the productivity and employees commitment to the jobs. According to Kouzes (1999, p.64), without the assistant, encouragement and motivation from others, one will not be able to reach a fascinating achievement. Thus, leadership is a significant determinant of the organizations effectiveness. For several decades, the literature study of leadership had been playing an important role for the area of organizational behaviour. A good practice of leadership with the supported of top management in the organization will encourage the employees job satisfaction, motivation and positive thinking. This will result in organizational commitment of the employees. According to Kouzes (1999, p.64), employees will feel confidence about themselves and be able to have a better performance when they work with a leader that always motivate, encourage, and care about their dignity. Employees that have fully commitment are willing to contribute their effort to the organization. They are willing to stay still with the organization even though at the time when company meet crisis or difficult time. Besides that, employees that have their commitment to the company tend to result in good performance and this will create a win-win situation for the organization as well as the work forces. In the globalization world of today, the implementation of leadership practices in organizations is getting more difficult due to the change in the organizations complexity and their advanced technology and operations. The diversity of current business environment will influent the employees perceptions, expectation and obligations towards the organization (Hyatt, 2007; Drucker, 1997; Kickul Liao-Troth, 2003). Todays organizations are going through downsizing, merging, and restructuring in many ways. Therefore, employees may feel that their organizations are not living up to their expectation. The relationship among the employees within an organization is the main factor to determine the achievement of the organization. Leaders ability to influence, and identify the contribution of the employees is essential to form a positive perception of the employees towards the leaders and organization (Hyatt, 2007; Weber, 1946). Leadership is said to be successful when its meet the expectation of the employees. According to Kouzes and Porner (1990), leadership is a process that involves two parties of people which are leaders and followers that treat each other in an equally way and willing to share the ideas within each other selflessly. A successful leadership depends on the employees perception and trust on the leaders ability. Therefore, the practices of leadership is a platform of winning the trust of the followers and thus results in organizational commitment. The five leadership practices suggested by Kouzes Posner (2009) are (a) Challenging the Process, the extent of a leader that is prepare to face the risks and challenges; (b) Inspiring a Shared Vision, the degree of a leader to share a future plan and vision; (c) Enabling Others to Act, the extent of a leaders to influent others to act; (d) Modelling the Way, the ability of a leader to practice his or her values and be the role model of the follo wers; and (e) Encouraging the Heart, the degree of a leader to show the appreciation and recognise of employees contribution (Carless, 2001). Leadership is an essential element in the association of leader and followers. Leaders play an important role in driving and managing the subordinates. Hence, leadership can be identified as a process of knowledge, skill and social exchange between leaders and followers (Weinberger, 2009). Managers are seen as leaders of their subordinate in an organization. Therefore, the perception of the followers towards their leaders will link to their perception of the company as well as the leadership process. In this study, leadership practices were examined in the context of organizational commitment. Problem Statement Leadership practices are important elements in fostering organizations culture and building organizational commitment for the sustainability of the organization performance. Managers play a significant role to influent the perception of subordinates to the organization through effective leadership practices. Leaders affect their followers directly through their interactions with the followers. However, there is a difference of current managers behaviour. Many of them claim they care about employees expectations, obligation, and well being. Yet, there are managers of some organizations today always implement projects with words and make empty promises to the employees (Hyatt, 2007; Kouzes and Posner, 1993). In such situation, managers can be said that they are not facilitating their obligations, thus the trust and organizational commitment of the employees towards the managers will then decrease. There are studies found that 68% of employees do not have any confidence on their managers words and behaviour. Meanwhile, 43% of employees think their managers always deceive them (Connel, Ferres Travaglione, 2003; Davis and Landa, 1999). Shaw (1997) argues that employees nowadays are getting selfish in terms of knowledge sharing and willingness to contribute to the organization due to the erosion of trust towards their leaders. Consequently, employees decrease their confidence in work and also their organizational commitment. The management literature tends to emphasise the importance of the trust and commitment of employees towards their managers. It is believed that a successful leadership practices in work place promotes greater productivity and commitment among employees (Connel, Ferres Travaglione, 2003). The nurturing of relationship between managers and employees is very important. This is because a relationship that form with mutual trust and respect within all the members in an organization will prepare the organization to confront with difficulties and at the same time create a harmony situation (Kouzes Posner, 2009). A good leadership practices by the managers in the company will increases employees organizational commitment. This can lead to desirable workforce behaviour. Therefore, it needs to be determined if there is a correlation between five leadership practices and organizational commitment among managers in Malaysia. Objectives of Study Generally, this study attempts to investigate the influence of each of five leadership practices on organizational commitment. Specifically, this study aims to: Examine the influence of challenge the process leadership practice on organizational commitment. 2) Examine the influence of inspire a shared vision leadership practice on organizational commitment. 3) Examine the influence of enable others to act leadership practice on organizational commitment. 4) Examine the influence of model the way leadership practice on organizational commitment. 5) Examine the influence of encourage the heart leadership practice on organizational commitment. Today, the movement and speed of the organization in terms of structure, systems, and processes change rapidly. This scenario has increases the need for the organization to train their managers to become better leaders and better (Skipton and Fred, 2010). This study focused on the effectiveness of the leadership practices implemented by the managers in the attempt to influence organizational commitment of their subordinates. Leaders are the group of people that have the ability to lead the subordinates towards desirable objectives even in a diverse situation. This study is conducted among managers in different organization and work place and aims to determine the levels of organizational commitment and leadership practices among manager. Research Question This study will be guided by the following research questions for the purpose of answer the research objectives above. To what extent leadership practice of Challenge the process influence organizational commitment? To what extent leadership practice of Inspire a shared vision influence organizational commitment? To what extent leadership practice of Enable others to act influence organizational commitment? To what extent leadership practice of Model the way influence organizational commitment? To what extent leadership practice of Encourage the heart influence organizational commitment? Hypothesis H1: Leadership practice of Challenge the process has a positive significant influence on organizational commitment. H2: Leadership practice of Inspire a shared vision has a positive significant influence on organizational commitment. H3: Leadership practice of Enable others to act has a positive significant influence on organizational commitment. H4: Leadership practice of Model the way has a positive significant influence on organizational commitment. H5: Leadership practice of Encourage the heart has a positive significant influence on organizational commitment. Conceptual Framework The research of Kouzes and Posner (2003) shown that leadership was a set of practices that can be mastered by leaders through consistent training. In theory, the Leadership Practices Inventory was created in order to have a consistent research on all levels of leaders (Kouzes and Posner, 2006). The purpose of this study is to determine if 5 types of leadership practices is related to the levels of organizational commitment among managers in Malaysia. The independent variables of this study are leadership practices of (a) Challenge the Process, (b) Inspire a Shared Vision, (c) Enable Others to Act, (d) Model the Way, and (e) Encourage the Heart, while the dependent variable will be organizational commitment. The moderating variable of this study is the demographic details of respondents include gender, age, marital status, race, occupation, monthly income, education levels and working experience. Figure 1 shows the research framework of this study. Leadership Practices Q1 Challenge the Process H1 Q2 Inspire a shared vision H2 Q3 Enable others to act H3 Organizational Commitment Q4 Dependent Variable Model the way H4 Q5 Encourage the heart H5 Independent Variable Figure 1: Research Framework Significance of Study Leadership is not something that is difficult and impossible to explain, and it can be understood by ordinary people (Kouzes Posner, 2003). This study will be beneficial to all managers and leaders of different organizations in Malaysia. Through this study, managers get to design leadership programs base on 5 leadership practices. Leadership practices can provide an appropriate and understandable model for the managers in conducting their leadership program. Besides that, leaders that fully understood the 5 leadership practices will lead to a good performance of their team in the organizations. This is because leadership practices conducted by the leaders will receive feedback of the employees in the end of the projects and this will improve their attitudes and behaviours to become better. Leadership practices suggested 5 types of practices should be posses by managers. Managers can improve and foster the relationship with their employees by implementing the leadership practices efficiently. It also increases the confidence of the managers while confront any crisis. Furthermore, leadership practices provide a platform and foundation in forming organizational commitment. Many young people that took leadership course for the first time already have more leadership experience then they realize (Kouzes Posner, 2006). So, this study also helps the part time students of Master Business Administration to obtain more information about leadership practices. This is because they are people from executive levels and have some experience in work place. They may have the chance to become a leader or manager in the future. Therefore, they will have the opportunity to demonstrate the leadership practices in their tasks as a group or team. Through these practices, the employee at executive levels or taking the courses of MBA will be able to improve their performance in work place and building their confidence especially in the time that need to have decision making. 1.7 Definition of Terms Following are some important terms used throughout this study: Leaders: The term leaders refer the body of people who lead a group of people in the organization. Leaders is the people that in charge or in command of others. Leadership: Leadership is a group of people of a particular organization. It is the ability to be a leader or the qualities a good leader should have. Leadership Practices: For the purpose of this research, Leadership Practices is viewed as the tasks of division managers, head of department or supervisor involving in one of the following: (a) Challenging the process, (b) Inspiring a shared vision, (c) Enabling others to act, (d) Modelling the way, (e) Encouraging the heart. Challenging the process: The process that leaders venture out into an unknown world or situation. Leaders constantly look for new and innovative products, processes, and services. Leaders also encourage their employees to challenge the former ways and attitude in doing their work. Inspire a shared vision: The ability of leaders to inspire a shared vision within the followers and spur out their commitment. It is the desire of leaders to change the way things are and create something new. Enable others to act: It is the ability of leaders enables others to act not by coercive power but by their sincerity to affect others. They strengthen followers capacity to deliver on the promises that they make and promote collaboration in the organization. Model the way: The ability of leaders to guide and lead the follows by setting a good example and role model. Leaders model the attitude and behaviour expected by their subordinates in order to achieve high standard of organizational performance. Leaders behaviours and attitudes are far more important than their words (Kouzes and Posner, 2006). The employees would rather believe the person first than the plan. Encourage the heart: The ability of leader to recognize and appreciate the contribution of the employees. Leaders create a culture of cherish the contribution of their followers and reward them for their achievement in order to retain the good employees. Organizational commitment: It is the willingness and feeling of responsibilities of the employees to work hard and contribute their energy and time to a mission or a task in the organization. Managers: A Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when necessary.

written communication Essay example -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION. â€Å"Man is an animal that lives in language as a fish lives in water and so written communication is just one of the ways that man can survive through† (English scholar Annie Dillard). Writing is a skill to give information. Like all skills, it is not inborn and so it needs to be learnt. To give information you need good communication skills including the ability to write simply, clearly and concisely (Harris & Cunningham, 1996). QUESTION A. Delineate the purpose of written communication, giving reasons for your answers. Different people have different reasons as to why they write. Some people write for their own private reasons or to attain their own individual goals. An example of this ‘private writing’ is exploratory writing. This is writing ideas that you do not want others to see. Introductory writing where you free write on a topic, before composing what you want to say. Examples of writing to explore a topic include keeping a journal, which helps one to take down information that will help him recollect and investigate ideas for a future write up. Another purpose in written communication may be to communicate something that happened, or narrating an experience to a reader. This is referred to as writing to reconstruct experience. To make the experience more vivid and interesting to a reader, you should give specific details, use concrete language (words that create a specific image in the mind of your reader for example: slowly tip-toe) and use of analogies (comparison words, for example hard as a rock). Examples of this purpose of writing include: - a witness writes a police statement to describe an occurrence. Or writers who write novels or books describing a true story they experienced. In most of our lives, we learn from those who can teach. Experienced elders or specialists teach us how to live, conduct ourselves, relate to one another and survive in different environments. My first day in USIU I was handed a student handbook which had all the rules and information about the university. That handbook was written with a purpose which was to instruct and advice. The purpose of instructions from this type of writing is to explain to readers about something or what they should do. Another purpose for writing is to inform. Information is power. In today’s society people need a lot of information to perform, thus making information qui... ...in formulating a written message. They are: - plan the message, free writing major points, compose your message and lastly evaluate your message in that order. REFERENCES. Hartley, P. (1996). Interpersonal communication. New York: Routledge. Denny, R. (2002). Communicate to win. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Verderber, S. K., & Verderber, F. R. (1976). Interact; Interpersonal Communication Skills. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Wolvin, A. & Coackley, C.G. (1996). Listening (5th Ed.). Dubuque: I.A. Brown & Benchmark. Hartel, C.W. & Schwartz, W.S. (1994). Ready for the real world; senior experience. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing company. Fielding, M. (1997). Effective Communication on organizations, 2nd edition, South Africa: The Rustica Press. Gibson, J.W. & Hodgetts, R. (1991). Organization communication: A Managerial Perspective. New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Chandler, F.G. (1995). Fundamentals of Business Communication. Richard D. Irwin Inc. Bienvenu, S. & Timm, P. R. (2002). Business Communication, Developing Strategy and Skills. Prentice Hall. Harris, J. & Cunningham, H.D. (1996). Guide to writing. New Jersey: Prentice hall.

My Dream Essay

There is a saying that failure is the greatest teacher. I know in order to pursue my dream, I will face failure. This cannot be stopped. Even Albert Einstein and Sir Isaacs Newton faced failure when they are trying to create a great formula that is remained to be used till today. I got influence when I watched a drama titled ‘Brain’. It is a very great drama. To me, brain is most powerful thing in this world. The human brain is the center of the human nervous system. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but is larger than expected on the basis of body size among other primates. It controls everything that we do. Brain is a very interesting and unique thing to study about. I would like to perform a surgery on brain. It will be hard, but I am ready because I always am. I will make a lot of money. I will buy my parents a house and they can rest comfortably in the house without doing any difficult works. They had gone through a lot in order to raise me and my sisters. I can always make a research on how to make a good but affordable surgery. It is very crucial because nowadays, the surgery especially on brain is costly. Not all people can afford this. There is not much brain surgery in conducted in Malaysia because there are not many specialists here. If someone need to undergone neurosurgery, they will fly overseas where the facilities is said to be more perfect. In 10 years from now, Malaysia will change to well develop country. So the facilities here will be more perfect. More brain surgery can be conducted here. Like I said before, it is very important to have a big dream. It is not wrong. Even if you cannot achieve if, just make it as your vision. Dream can help you to prepare to face this challenging world. What am I going through now is just the start. I just find the keys. I am still trying to open the door. When I finally did, I will not hesitate.

One Of Poes Most Extraordinary Works - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1647 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Cask of Amontillado Essay Did you like this example? In The Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe utilizes a few distinctive creative decisions in the development of the story. He controls the story to be the way he needs it to be by utilizing the perspective of the storyteller, the setting, and a typical repetitive notion all through. Poe is effective in keeping up a spirit of perverseness that is common in the majority of his works. The perspective assumes an essential part in affecting the readerrs impression of the story. The main line of the story is a decent case of how the storyteller endeavors to convey the reader to his side ideal from the begenning. The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge (ONeill 666). Montresor, the storyteller of the story, promptly tries to win the reader to his side by revealing to him that Fortunato has ventured upon insult, and evidently traversed the line. This endeavor is sharp, yet the reader never gets a feeling of what Fortunato has really done to the storyteller. This fact alone brings up the issue in my psyche with reference to whether Fortunato has truly offended Montresor, or whether Montresor is making it as far as he could tell. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "One Of Poes Most Extraordinary Works" essay for you Create order The perspective of the story can likewise influence the passionate connection that the reader gets, or neglects to get for this situation, for a given character. At the point when a reader is associated with a story, the perspective from where the story is being told is urgent to the emotions the reader has. In this story, Montresor commands the movement of the story in each respect. At the end of the day, the reader DavisII just comprehends what Montresor lets him know, or what he can induce from the story. This being the situation, it is troublesome for the reader to build up any affectio for another character unless Montresor depicts him or him positively. Fortunato never stands a shot (What a Tricke Weele Serve Him 1). Montresor starts putting down Fortunato in the readers brain with the primary line of the story, when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge(ONeill 666). Indeed, even his most prized aptitude, wine sampling, is portrayed as a powerless point. This puts Fortunato at a noteworthy detriment in the battle for the readers enjoying, and eventually the battle for his life. As in most Poe stories, the storyteller tries to guide the reader far from seeing the unreasonableness of his activities. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor tries to persuade the reader that walling up Fortunato is his direction making himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong (ONeill 669). Truly, Poe recounts the story from Montresors perspective so as to build the surprise and backwards nature that the narrator feels when telling the story. Edgar Allan Poe utilizes the setting in a wide range of courses in his different works. There are two essential settings in The Cask of Amontillado, the fair and the tombs. There are a few reasons that make the jubilee the perfect setting for Poe to draw Fortunato away. It was about dusk, one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival season, that I encountered my friend (ONeill 666). This sentence contains two essential subtle elements in the matter of why the jubilee is an ideal setting for Montresors endeavors. The first is that it is sunset, which makes it harder for individuals at the fair to see what is occurring, and furthermore adds some melancholy to the story. The second and most vital detail is that the jubilee is a scene of preeminent frenzy. Fortunato, alongside most others at the festival, has likely been drinking a large portion of the day, is casual, and more inclined to vanish with Montresor on a journey into the dim sepulchers than he would be on an ordinary day. The excessive warmth, that DavisIII Fortunato welcomes Montresor with considerably additionally demonstrates his inebriation and loose state. (plot summary 1). Poes graphic setting is a resource for the interest of the story, especially when the story continues to the mausoleums. We came at length to the foot of the descent and stood together on the damp ground of the catacombs of the Montresors (ONeill 668). Portrayals, for example, are an extremely normal for Poe stories and are one of his most noteworthy qualities. His portrayals enable the reader to place themselves in the story and get an indistinguishable inclination from the characters. In this illustration, the reader subliminally places himself in Fortunatos position, strolling alongside a psycho in the tombs of Montresors, not knowing our destiny. The main contrast for this situation is that the reader has a superior feeling of Fortunatos destiny than he does. Other than utilizing it as an offer to keep perusing a story, Poe likewise utilizes the setting in representative courses too. The drops of dampness stream among the bones is emblematic of what Fortunatos bones will sometime look like after he is walled up in the tomb. Likewise, when the storyteller divids up Fortunato with the Amontillado, it is emblematic of Fortunatos pride for his wine sampling capacity that he is walled up with the wine. The scene where Montresor divides up Fortunato is by a long shot the most unreasonable scene in the story. The scene is especially viable as I would like to think as a result of the agreeable way kept up by the storyteller up to the point where he is about wrapped up. There is no battle or protection set up by Fortunato:He was much too astonished to resist (666). In the event that Poe had Fortunato set up a battle or had the storyteller demonstrated any outrage, it would have pulverized the reliable state of mind of the story up to that point. Rather, Poe has Fortunato stay inebriated up until the point when the point where it is past the point of no return for him to battle. The quick calming down of Fortunato when he is close demise likewise adds to the impact of the scene. It was not the cry of a drunken man tells the reader that Fortunato now knows very well indeed what is transpiring (ONeill 671). It is trailed by a hollering match and after that hush, which makes such an evil environment, to the point that even Montresor is trembling and hurrying to wrap up. It appears as though Montresor practically has a comical inclination in his frenzy to rebuff Fortunato for his supposed wrongdoings. His consistent request that Fortunato leave the tomb with him gives significantly assist affront to damage for Fortunato. Come, we will go back ere it is too late. Your cough (ONeill 668). Montresor says this since he realizes that Fortunatos pride in his wine sampling capacity is excessively awesome for him, making it impossible to turn back, so he makes comments, for example, this one basically for his own particular entertainment. The remarks arent fundamental in helping Montresor accomplish his objective, they are said basically to bring a grin up as far as he could tell. The way that the storyteller discovers happiness out of executing somebody, bolsters Poes regular topic of unreasonableness in his stories. Poes hypothesis of the short story is imperative on affecting the way he expresses The Cast of Amontillado. A noteworthy part of his short story hypothesis is that the stories are brief and locks in. The Cast of Amontillado accomplishes both of these objectives. Poe only dedicates three sections on setting the scene before he gets directly down to his undertaking to not only punish but punish with impunity (ONeill 666). This aesthetic decision is essential to keeping the reader intrigued. Poe comes to the heart of the matter, squandering no time for giving cases of Fortunatos wrongdoings or for giving any legitimization for the level of discipline that Fortunato is to be submitted to. Not squandering the readers opportunity is imperative to Poe, and that is considerably more evident in the wake of perusing The Cast of Amontillado. The Cask of Amontillado is like Poes other short stories from various perspectives. For instance, the storyteller divids up Fortunato in The Cask of Amontillado, simply like the storyteller divids up his significant other in The Black Cat, and the old man in The Tell-Tale Heart. Another parallel between The Cask of Amontillado and other Poe short stories, is the fundamental design of the story. In the first place, the storyteller begins off endeavoring to legitimize or clarify his activities. Second, the storyteller recounts the story, lastly, there is dependably a contort or amazement toward the end. In The Cask of Amontillado, this contort happens when the storyteller calls Fortunato and he doesnt reply. There is a sure uniqueness, however, that this story has that isolates it from other Poe short stories. This uniqueness is, as I would like to think, found toward the finish of the story. While other Poe short stories are described from a correctional facility cell or from death row, the storyteller of The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor, tells his story more than fifty years after its event. He isnt in prison, and has apparently served no time for his wrongdoing. Montresor, not at all like a significant number of his short story storyteller partners, has clearly escaped with his violations. He doesnt separate and admit his activities to the specialists as Poes storytellers regularly do. Rather, Montresor goes ahead with his life and holds up until the point that he is of seniority to pass on his story. In pace requiescat is something other than a generally saying for the storyteller, it is an expression of triumph. The triumph of the storyteller, and eventually unreasonableness, over equity, makes The Cask of Amontillado one of Poes most extraordinary works and is a case of Poes perversity getting it done.

Understanding Latins Third Declension Cases and Endings

A good bet for a Latin noun whose nominative singular ends in -a is that it is a feminine noun of the First Declension. Likewise, a noun ending in -us in the nominative singular is likely Second Declension masculine. There are exceptions, but guessing those is a good starting place. Its not so easy when you get the nouns belonging to the Third Declension. According to William Harris: The 3rd Declension is in a sense a catch-all for various stem-types, and can be very confusing. According to James Ross 18th-century Latin grammar, the nominative singular of a third declension noun may end in: a (of Greek origin [for more on declining Greek nouns in Latin, see Latin Third Declension Nouns of Greek Origin]), e, o, c (rare), d, l, n, r, s, t (caput and compounds), or x Also, he describes the endings used by different genders: Nouns can be masculine (especially with endings in -er, -or, -os, -n, or -o); feminine (especially -do, and -go endings); or neuter (especially nouns ending in -c, -a, -l, -e, -t, -ar, -men, -ur, or -us) in gender. Basic 3rd Declension Types Third Declension nouns may have a consonantal or i-stem. Consonantal Note: For the consonantal stems, it may take some practice to figure out where to add the endings, although, the dictionary form should make this clear. The usual genitive ending of third declension nouns is -is. The letter or syllable before it usually remains throughout the cases. For the masculine and feminine, the nominative replaces the -is ending of the singular with an -es for the plural. (Remember: neuter plural nominatives and accusatives end in -a.) Similarly, the dative plural is formed from the singular with the addition of -bus. Sometimes the root vowel appears to change, as in our second paradigm word below, opus, operis, n. First, here are the consonantal stems endings: Singular (the Second Form Is for the Neuter) NOM. -/-GEN. -is/-isDAT. -i/-iACC. -em/-ABL. -e/-e Plural NOM. -es/-aGEN. -um/-umDAT. -ibus/-ibusACC. -es/-aABL. -ibus/-ibus Using rex, regis, m. (king), here is the paradigm: Singular NOM. rexGEN. regisDAT. regiACC. regemABL. regeLOC. regi or regeVOC. rex Plural NOM. regesGEN. regumDAT. regibusACC. regesABL. regibusLOC. regibusVOC. reges Using opus, operis n. (work), here is the paradigm: Singular NOM. opusGEN. operisDAT. operiACC. opusABL. opereLOC. operi or opereVOC. opus Plural NOM. operaGEN. operumDAT. operibusACC. operaABL. operibusLOC. operibusVOC. opera I-Stems Some nouns of the third declension are called i-stem nouns; still, others are mixed i-stem. I-stem nouns have a genitive plural ending in -ium. Their ablative may not end in -e, but may instead end in -i. Other cases may also replace the -e- with an -i-, so you might see an accusative singular ending in -im. A neuter i-stem noun, animal, animalis (animal), looks a little different from other neuter 3rd declension nouns in the plural because of the i which makes the nominative and accusative plural of animal: animalia. The word for sea, mare, maris, is another neuter i-stem noun. Hostis, hostis is a generally masculine i-stem noun, but hostis can be feminine. The fact that the nominative and genitive is the same for this masculine or feminine noun indicates that its an i-stem. You would decline the name of Caesar thus: Caesar, Caesaris, Caesari, Caesarem, Caesare Sample 3rd Declensions Nouns Declined PugillaresOs

Use Of Professional Literacy Terminology Throughout Your...

Lesson Reflection Directions: Research notes proximate reflection is a critical part of learning (Kolb, 1984; Schà ¶n, 1991). Fill in your responses in each box. Use professional literacy terminology throughout your reflection per the rubric. What did you learn about learners and teaching/learning? I learned more about the level of learners that I have in my class. My mentor teacher told me some names of high and low level learners, but observing them being taught and teaching them are two very different realities. I also learned that even my high level learners were struggling second grade counting skills (ex: ten more, ten less). This lesson also re-emphasized the importance of modeling learning for students (I do, we do, they do).†¦show more content†¦Gabby seems to be distracted during the entirety of the lesson. I think she is confused by a lot of the information being presented. I realized that once Ms. McDavid came and sat next to her during the lesson, she became more engaged during the whole group instruction. For my next lesson, I may try sitting her by an adult in the room and have them proving some scaffold for her during the whole group instruction. Jose is one of my ESL students. He really struggles with counting and reading. I found that he did better working in the small group, than independently at his desk. He was more successful and completing the math problems correctly once the questions were read aloud for him. For my next lesson, I will continue to pull him for small group instruction so I can focus on determining his math skills. How can you be better prepared (what support/skills do you need for next week)? To better prepare for my next lesson, I think having access to the grade level plans would help. Having access to exactly what I need to follow out of the Eureka books and what I need to add/take away would make my feel more secure, knowing I have all the elements that the students need to be taught. For my next lesson, I would also like to spend more time practicing aloud prior to teaching. I feel like I need to work on how I prep for lesson, so that I can make sure I am fully prepared. 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Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Engineering Structures free essay sample

We obviously knew why should it be a non destructive test, because we aren’t allowed to destruct the entire structure in the name of testing. Roadware 10 Minute Concrete Menderâ„ ¢ Roadware needle tip crack injection costs less to install and is more effective than pressure applied epoxy injection methods.   according to top concrete repair contractors. We can get in, permanently repair the cracks, and get out in the same time it use to take just to install the old injection ports. Evaluation and Repair of Fire-Damaged Buildings †¢ Typically, repair materials are similar to the original construction materials. Timber structures may be repaired with new timbers or composites of steel and timber members, and steel structures are normally repaired with steel. †¢ Concrete and masonry structural elements are frequently repaired with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) or externally bonded steel members using epoxy adhesive. Concrete structures are occasionally repaired with shotcrete as well. †¢ Selecting the appropriate repair material is a critical step in the repair process. We will write a custom essay sample on Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Engineering Structures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The repair material must be compatible with the base material, project needs, technical resources available, financial constraints, and multiple other project specific criteria. Two case studies are presented to illustrate various types of structural damage and repairs. †¢ The first summarizes the assessment and repair for arson damage to a reinforced concrete stadium structure. †¢ The second addresses the evaluation and repair of damage to a steel framed office building. Slab separation and joist spalling Case Study 1: Stadium Fire An arson fire occurred on an elevated level of a reinforced concrete stadium structure. After the fire department approved the area for entry, initial observations were made. The fire severely damaged the concrete in an area approximately 25 feet by 25 feet above the fire; the concrete joists were deeply spalled, the slab separated from the joists, and severe cracking was present The fire was intense to the extent that the seating area directly above the fire suffered heat damage Case Study 2: Occupied Steel High Rise Fire Fire occurred in an occupied space of a steel framed high rise. The steel framing was protected by a sprayed fire resistive material. The exposed metal deck supports a composite concrete floor system.. Heat from the fire caused some buckling of the metal decks near the fire Buckled metal deck. Note separation of concrete from metal deck through exploratory opening The evaluation effort included steel hardness readings of the structural steel framing members. In addition, concrete cores were extracted from the floor slab where the fire occurred and in the deck directly above the fire for compression testing. No testing was considered necessary in the adjacent room with deformed plastic due to the low temperature indication. Test results confirmed that steel hardness was in the expected range to indicate minimal heat damage to the steel frame. Concrete cores indicated that compressive strengths exceeded design requirements The assessment concluded that the steel frame did not require repairs. However, to prevent displacements of the separated concrete slab above the metal deck, structural repairs were required . The repairs included adding new beams to support the metal deck and the addition of grout to fill the voids between the concrete and metal deck FINALLY †¢ All structures should be evaluated in a systematic manner to determine the extent, if any, of required repairs. A variety of testing methods and tools are available to evaluate the effects on both the materials and structural elements. †¢ Evaluations, combined with an engineering analysis, allow effective and economical repair details to be developed and installed as needed.